Amnesty International has published a detailed investigation into the October 7, 2023 assault on southern Israel, concluding that Hamas and other Palestinian armed groups committed war crimes and crimes against humanity. The report documents the infiltration of Israeli communities by over 3,000 fighters, resulting in the deaths of more than 800 civilians and the systematic taking of 251 hostages, most of whom were civilians. Hostages endured psychological and physical abuse, including torture and sexual violence, with some held for over two years. Amnesty's findings are based on hundreds of verified videos and interviews with survivors, hostages, and experts, revealing deliberate attacks on civilians, enforced disappearances, and the mistreatment of bodies. The organization highlights investigative failures by all parties involved and calls for full accountability, urging armed groups to halt violations and ensure justice for victims.