Groups opposed to Hamas are emerging in Israeli-controlled areas of Gaza, aiming to play a role in the territory's future despite the recent killing of their prominent commander, Yasser Abu Shabab. These factions, while still small and lacking broad public support, have reportedly grown in number since an October ceasefire, with Israeli officials acknowledging some level of backing for their activities. Their presence adds new complexity to efforts to stabilize Gaza, as Hamas maintains its grip over most of the enclave and labels these groups as collaborators. Plans for Gaza's reconstruction and governance remain uncertain, with international actors considering the creation of secure zones for displaced residents, but the risk of further division and instability persists.